Reinforcement Learning (RL): Research, Papers and Researchers

01Research activity

Reinforcement Learning (RL) research by ScholarsColab researchers

What researchers combine with Reinforcement Learning (RL)

Words that appear most often in these paper titles. Tap one to see those papers.

Recent focus (2024 onwards): deep, network, optimization, learning-based, energy, management.

02Researchers

PhD researchers working on Reinforcement Learning (RL)

Every researcher below is registered on ScholarsColab and can be hired as a mentor or for a project. Publication counts are their papers on this topic.

Hrishikesh DuttaInstitut Polytechnique de Paris9 papers on this topic · 77 citationsAmjad IqbalUniversity of Manitoba7 papers on this topic · 133 citationsAbdollah YounesiDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Knowledge University, Erbil, Iraq7 papers on this topic · 112 citationsAPARNA KUMARINirma university5 papers on this topic · 216 citationsTop 2% scientist · Networking & TelecommunicationsP M Durai Raj VincentProfessor in VIT University3 papers on this topic · 487 citationsAbdul AhadNorthwestern Polytechnical University of China3 papers on this topic · 65 citationsParham SoltaniElectrical and Computer Engineering3 papers on this topic · 5 citationsMohammad Reza RezaeeMr3 papers on this topic · 2 citationsErmias Melku TadesseWollo University, Ethiopia3 papers on this topic · 2 citationsIbrahim A. HameedProfessor2 papers on this topic · 441 citationsDr. Mesfin L. BetaloAssistant Professor, Postdoc. Fellow at Shenzhen University, China2 papers on this topic · 70 citationsAmin NazariPh.D in AI2 papers on this topic · 32 citationsNNarayan VyasAssistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Application, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur2 papers on this topic · 30 citationsFarhan AadilSivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey2 papers on this topic · 25 citationsSubhash ChandraGLA University, Mathura2 papers on this topic · 15 citationsDahiru Adamu AliyuUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS2 papers on this topic · 12 citationsMuhammad Nawaz KhanAssistant Professor2 papers on this topic · 7 citationsDr. Vinoth MProfessor2 papers on this topic · 6 citationsUmar IslamDepartment of Artificial Intelligence, The University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Swat,…2 papers on this topic · 5 citationsXXiaochun ChengSwansea University2 papers on this topic · 1 citationsMohit TiwariBharati Vidyapeeth's College of Engineering,Delhi2 papers on this topic · 0 citationsDr Gnanajeyaraman RajaramSaveetha university2 papers on this topic · 0 citationsRRR Venkatesha PrasadTUDelft1 paper on this topic · 126 citationsTheodoros TsiftsisUniversity of Thessaly1 paper on this topic · 67 citationsDr. Sachin KumarSRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai1 paper on this topic · 47 citationsMaode MaQatar University1 paper on this topic · 43 citationsAditya GuptaThapar University1 paper on this topic · 31 citationsNarsimha ReddyData Solution Architect at Soniks consulting LLC1 paper on this topic · 22 citationsDr. Yusuf PerwejPh.D1 paper on this topic · 20 citationsMMasood Ur RehmanUniversity of Glasgow1 paper on this topic · 13 citationsAatmaj Amol SalunkeNortheastern University, Boston1 paper on this topic · 10 citationsMohd Faisal KhanAligarh Muslim University, India1 paper on this topic · 7 citationsDr Rajesh DeyPost Doctoral Fellow,Aasoc prof1 paper on this topic · 2 citationsHossein NajafzadehDepartment of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of…1 paper on this topic · 2 citationsDr. Jyoti YadavSavitribai Phule Pune University1 paper on this topic · 2 citationsDr. Deepak DudejaMaharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala1 paper on this topic · 1 citationsRamesh SSRM Institute of Science and Technology1 paper on this topic · 1 citationsDr. Pushpalatha NaveenkumarSri Eshwar College of Engineering, India1 paper on this topic · 1 citationsDr. Hashmat FidaPresidency University, Bengaluru1 paper on this topic · 1 citationsDr Mueen UddinUniversity of Doha for Science and Technology1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsTop 2% scientist · Artificial Intelligence & Image ProcessingDr. Pushpendra Kumar VermaIIMT University, Meerut, UP. India1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsDr. Santhosh Kumar MedishettiNalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsAnitya GuptaResearch associate1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsDr. R S ShajiSt. Xavier's Catholilc College of Engineering, Nagercoil1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsRishabh Dev ShuklaChandigarh University Mohali1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsDr Senthil Kumar PSRM Institute of Science and Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsTarek Abd El-HafeezMinia University1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsFelix Eduardo Bueno PascualTecnologico de Monterrey1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsimenphd student1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsDr Shweta GoyalGraphic Era Deemed to Be UNiversity1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsHAMLICHComputer science1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsRahama salmanPh.D in Computer Science1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsBakht Sher AliUniversity of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsDr. Sumit Kumar KapoorPoornima University1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsMd. Nafeez RahmanUfa University of Science and Technology1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsDr. Kailash Pati DuttaJharkhand Rai University Ranchi1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsYogesh H. BhosaleCSMSS Chh. Shahu College of Engineering1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsMirza ShujaCGC University Mohali1 paper on this topic · 0 citationsMatthew TaylorUniversity of AlbertaLists Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a research areaVishal S PandeyMS at Yeungnam university and Research Engineer at MetriqualLists Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a research areaabhishek guptaVIDHILEKHA SOFT SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LIMITEDLists Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a research areaNamit AroraSoftware EngineerLists Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a research area

03Research codes

Reinforcement Learning (RL) research codes

Ready-to-run code on ScholarsColab for Reinforcement Learning (RL) research. Our PhD researchers can help you adapt it to your own data, validate the results and write them up.

04Papers

Research papers on Reinforcement Learning (RL)

1. Crop yield prediction using deep reinforcement learning model for sustainable agrarian applications2020480 citationsIEEE AccessP M Durai Raj Vincent
2. Drone Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Review2021425 citationsElectronicsIbrahim A. Hameed
3. Deep reinforcement learning versus evolution strategies: A comparative survey2023126 citationsIEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning SystemsRR Venkatesha Prasad
4. A reinforcement-learning-based secure demand response scheme for smart grid system202190 citationsIEEE Internet of Things JournalAPARNA KUMARI
5. Deep reinforcement learning for secrecy energy-efficient UAV communication with reconfigurable intelligent surface202369 citationsAmjad Iqbal
6. Deep reinforcement learning-based energy efficiency optimization for RIS-aided integrated satellite-aerial-terrestrial relay networks202467 citationsIEEE Transactions on CommunicationsTheodoros Tsiftsis
7. Multi-agent-based decentralized residential energy management using Deep Reinforcement Learning202456 citationsJournal of Building EngineeringAPARNA KUMARI
8. Assessing the use of reinforcement learning for integrated voltage/frequency control in AC microgrids202048 citationsEnergiesAbdollah Younesi
9. Transfer reinforcement learning-based road object detection in next generation IoT domain202147 citationsComputer NetworksDr. Sachin Kumar
10. GaDQN-IDS: A novel self-adaptive IDS for VANETs based on Bayesian game theory and deep reinforcement learning202143 citationsIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation SystemsMaode Ma
11. Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Task Scheduling and Resource Sharing for O-RAN-empowered Multi-UAV-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks202342 citationsIEEE Transactions on Vehicular TechnologyDr. Mesfin L. Betalo
12. Reinforcement learning based PID controller design for LFC in a microgrid201732 citationsCOMPEL-The international journal for computation and mathematics in Abdollah Younesi
13. EQRSRL: An energy-aware and QoS-based routing schema using reinforcement learning in IoMT202332 citationsWireless NetworksAmin Nazari
14. Cybertwin-driven resource allocation using deep reinforcement learning in 6G-enabled edge environment202231 citationsJournal of King Saud University - Computer and Information SciencesAditya Gupta
15. SV2G-ET: A Secure Vehicle‐to‐Grid Energy Trading Scheme Using Deep Reinforcement Learning202230 citationsInternational Transactions on Electrical Energy SystemsAPARNA KUMARI
16. Dynamic charging and path planning for uav-powered rechargeable wsns using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning202528 citationsIEEE Transactions on Automation Science and EngineeringDr. Mesfin L. Betalo
17. Energy-efficient joint resource allocation in 5G HetNet using Multi-Agent Parameterized Deep Reinforcement learning202327 citationsPhysical CommunicationAbdul Ahad
18. Exploring the potential of deep reinforcement learning for autonomous navigation in complex environments202325 citationsNarayan Vyas
19. An intelligent clustering-based routing protocol (CRP-GR) for 5G-based smart healthcare using game theory and reinforcement learning202125 citationsApplied SciencesAbdul Ahad
20. An autonomous decision-making framework for gait recognition systems against adversarial attack using reinforcement learning202324 citationsISA TransactionsFarhan Aadil
21. Application of reinforcement learning for generating optimal control signal to the IPFC for damping of low‐frequency oscillations201823 citationsInternational Transactions on Electrical Energy SystemsAbdollah Younesi
22. Reinforcement Learning-Based Integrated Risk Aware Dynamic Treatment Strategy for Consumer-Centric Next-Gen Healthcare202522 citationsIEEE Transactions on Consumer ElectronicsNarsimha Reddy
23. Deep reinforcement learning for resource allocation in 5G communications201922 citationsAmjad Iqbal
24. Reinforcement learning for multiagent-based residential energy management system202121 citationsAPARNA KUMARI
25. A review of current perspective and propensity in reinforcement learning (RL) in an orderly manner202320 citationsInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Dr. Yusuf Perwej
26. Al-based peak load reduction approach for residential buildings using reinforcement learning202119 citationsAPARNA KUMARI
27. Distributed Reinforcement Learning for scalable wireless medium access in IoTs and sensor networks202219 citationsComputer NetworksHrishikesh Dutta
28. Deep reinforcement learning-based resource allocation for secure RIS-aided UAV communication202317 citationsAmjad Iqbal
29. Obstacle-Aware Navigation of Soft Growing Robots via Deep Reinforcement Learning202416 citationsIbrahim A. Hameed
30. Towards multi-agent reinforcement learning for wireless network protocol synthesis202115 citationsHrishikesh Dutta
31. Reinforcement learning based flow and energy management in resource-constrained wireless networks202314 citationsComputer CommunicationsHrishikesh Dutta
32. Sum throughput maximization scheme for NOMA-enabled D2D groups using deep reinforcement learning in 5G and beyond networks202313 citationsIEEE Sensors JournalMasood Ur Rehman
33. Optimal route selection in 5g-based smart health-care network: a reinforcement learning approach202113 citationsAbdul Ahad
34. Addressing environmental stochasticity in reconfigurable intelligent surface aided unmanned aerial vehicle networks: Multi-task deep reinforcement learning based optimization …202413 citationsInternet of ThingsAmjad Iqbal
35. Reinforcement Learning Empowered Digital Twins: Pioneering Smart Cities Towards Optimal Urban Dynamics202310 citationsAatmaj Amol Salunke
36. Optimization techniques in reinforcement learning for healthcare: a review202410 citationsDahiru Adamu Aliyu
37. Reinforcement learning based Islanding detection technique in distributed generation202310 citationsEnergy ReportsSubhash Chandra
38. Resource allocation for joint energy and spectral efficiency in cloud radio access network based on deep reinforcement learning202110 citationsAmjad Iqbal
39. Contextual deep reinforcement learning for flow and energy management in wireless sensor and IoT networks20249 citationsIEEE Transactions on Green Communications and NetworkingHrishikesh Dutta
40. Cooperative reinforcement learning for energy management in multi-hop networks with energy harvesting20258 citationsIEEE Transactions on Green Communications and NetworkingHrishikesh Dutta
41. Adaptive and online control of microgrids using multi-agent reinforcement learning20197 citationsAbdollah Younesi
42. Analysis of a six-phase self excited induction generator supplying RL load with short shunt connection20167 citationsMohd Faisal Khan
43. Deep reinforcement learning for comprehensive route optimization in elastic optical networks using generative strategies20236 citationsOptical and Quantum ElectronicsDr. Vinoth M
44. Medium access using distributed reinforcement learning for IoTs with low-complexity wireless transceivers20216 citationsHrishikesh Dutta
45. Distributed Deep Reinforcement Learning with Graph Neural Networks for Personalized Drug Interaction Analysis20235 citationsNarayan Vyas
46. Crop Yield Prediction Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Model for Sustainable Agrarian Applications. IEEE Access, 2020, vol. 820205 citationsP M Durai Raj Vincent
47. Reinforcement Learning Based Efficient Power Control and Spectrum Utilization for D2D Communication in 5G Network20235 citationsInternational Journal of Computer Network and Information SecuritySubhash Chandra
48. Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach20255 citationsParham Soltani
49. Reinforcement learning for protocol synthesis in resource-constrained wireless sensor and IoT networks20225 citationsHrishikesh Dutta
50. Enhancing reliable and energy-efficient UAV communications with RIS and deep reinforcement learning20255 citationsPeerJ Computer ScienceUmar Islam
51. Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Power Management for Energy Optimization in IoT-Enabled Consumer Electronics20254 citationsIEEE Transactions on Consumer ElectronicsMuhammad Nawaz Khan
52. Adaptive Scheduling in Cognitive IoT Sensors for Optimizing Network Performance Using Reinforcement Learning20253 citationsApplied SciencesMuhammad Nawaz Khan
53. Smart stock trading using an advanced combination of technical indicators with volume confirmation integrated in reinforcement learning20252 citationsDr Rajesh Dey
54. Crop Yield Prediction Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Model for Sustainable Agrarian Applications. IEEE Access, 8, 86886–8690120202 citationsP M Durai Raj Vincent
55. A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Personalized Asthma Exacerbation Prediction Using Proximal Policy Optimization20252 citationsIEEE AccessDahiru Adamu Aliyu
56. QOS-Aware Task Scheduling Using Reinforcement Learning in Long Rage Wide Area Network IOT Application20252 citationsErmias Melku Tadesse
57. A hybrid CNN and reinforcement learning framework for speaker identification using Mel-Spectrogram and continuous wavelet transform features20262 citationsScientific ReportsHossein Najafzadeh
58. Control and Coordination of Self-Adaptive Traffic Signal Using Deep Reinforcement Learning.20212 citationsInternational Journal of Next-Generation ComputingDr. Jyoti Yadav
59. Low-frequency oscillation enhancement in multi-machine power system using adaptive online reinforcement learning based controller20181 citationsAbdollah Younesi
60. Robust adaptive load frequency controller based on reinforcement learning in an inter-connected power system20171 citationsAbdollah Younesi
61. Distributed resource allocation in V2V communication using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning20241 citationsJournal Of Engineering Science And TechnologyFarhan Aadil
62. Federated Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for UAV Collision Avoidance in Dense Smart City Environment20241 citationsMohammad Reza Rezaee
63. Multi agent reinforcement learning for UAV collision avoidance20231 citationsMohammad Reza Rezaee
64. Machine Learning-Based Autonomous Optimization of Unattended Wireless Sensor Networks Through Multi-Cause Reinforcement Learning20251 citationsSN Computer ScienceDr. Deepak Dudeja
65. Optimizing Ride-Hailing Services with IoT-Integrated Reinforcement Learning for Passenger Matching20241 citationsRamesh S
66. A Review on Leveraging Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Decision-Making in Power and Energy Systems20241 citationsDr. Pushpalatha Naveenkumar
67. Hybrid reinforcement learning with optimized SARSA for improved face recognition systems20251 citationsJournal of Electrical and Computer EngineeringXiaochun Cheng
68. Reinforcement learning for joint transmit-sleep scheduling in energy-harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks20241 citationsHrishikesh Dutta
69. Optimizing Energy Efficiency Performance in RIS-Assisted Near-field MIMO System Using Deep RL20251 citationsAmjad Iqbal
70. Development Of Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Resource Allocation Techniques In Cloud Radio Access Network20221 citationsAmjad Iqbal
71. Risk-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning for Portfolio Optimization Under Stochastic Market Dynamics20261 citationsMathematicsDr. Hashmat Fida
72. Simultaneous Coordinated Design of IPFC Damping Controller and PSS Using Reinforcement Learning For Low-Frequency Oscillation Enhancement20150 citationsUniversity of Mohaghegh ArdabiliAbdollah Younesi
73. Retraction Note: Deep reinforcement learning for comprehensive route optimization in elastic optical networks using generative strategies20240 citationsOptical and Quantum ElectronicsDr. Vinoth M
74. Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for UAV Flocking and Collision Avoidance in Challenging Environments20250 citationsMohammad Reza Rezaee
75. A Novel Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Energy Management and Prediction in Smart Cities20250 citationsExpert SystemsDr Mueen Uddin
76. Big Data and Reinforcement Learning, Emg Clustering20230 citationsDr. Pushpendra Kumar Verma
77. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Intelligent Task Scheduling in Heterogeneous Cloud Environments20250 citationsDr. Santhosh Kumar Medishetti
78. Adaptive Hr-Finance Training in Smes Using Hybrid Neural Regression and Reinforcement Learning Models20250 citationsMohit Tiwari
79. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Strategy Games Techniques and Open Challenges20250 citationsMohit Tiwari
80. Advancements in Traffic Signal Control: A Review of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Learning Approaches20240 citationsAnitya Gupta
81. VF-RL: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Coverage Improvement in Mobile IoT Networks using Virtual Force20240 citationsAmin Nazari
82. Quantum autoencoder with quantum reinforcement learning for breast cancer detection20250 citationsEuropean Physical Journal PlusDr. R S Shaji
83. A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Dynamic Smart Grid Optimization in Urban Environments20250 citationsDr Gnanajeyaraman Rajaram
84. Propagation routing for hybrid bandwidth allocation with reinforcement learning in VANET infrastructure analysis20250 citationsAutomatikaDr Gnanajeyaraman Rajaram
85. OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE CHARGING IN THE PRESENCE OF SOLAR POWER USING DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING20230 citationsRishabh Dev Shukla
86. Adaptive Vision-Based Coverage Optimization in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach20250 citationsParham Soltani
87. Game-Theoretic and Reinforcement Learning-Based Cluster Head Selection for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Network20250 citationsParham Soltani
88. Deep Learning and Reinforcement Learning for Proactive Ransomware Detection: A Behavioral-Attention Graph Neural Network Approach20250 citationsDr Senthil Kumar P
89. Task Offloading in IOT Edge Computing Using Deep Reinforcement Learning20250 citationsErmias Melku Tadesse
90. Reinforcement Learning-Based Task Scheduling for IoT Applications in Long-Range Wide Area Networks20250 citationsErmias Melku Tadesse
91. Intelligent cloud-based RAS management: integration of DDPG reinforcement learning with AWS IoT for optimized aquaculture production20260 citationsScientific ReportsTarek Abd El-Hafeez
92. Reinforcement Learning-Based Intelligent Path Planning for Optimal Navigation in Dynamic Environments: AK Yadav et al.20260 citationsNeural Processing LettersXiaochun Cheng
93. Simulación del Circuito RL con la Voyage 200 TM20080 citationsFelix Eduardo Bueno Pascual
94. Adaptive UAV Inspection of PV Panels Using Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning and Zigzag Coverage Planning20250 citationsimen
95. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Network Protocol Synthesis20240 citationsHrishikesh Dutta
96. A QoS-Aware Routing Protocol for High-Speed Optical Networks Using Reinforcement Learning20250 citationsDr Shweta Goyal
97. Energy-Efficient On-Device Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Multi-Sensor Scheduling in Resource-Constrained Edge Systems20250 citationsHAMLICH
98. Cloud-Based HR Management: Using Deep Reinforcement Learning to Optimize Employee Lifecycle20240 citationsRahama salman
99. EGIS-IIoT: Classifier-Gated Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Secure Cyber-Physical Defense in Industrial IoT Systems0 citationsBakht Sher Ali
100. Topology-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Energy-Efficient Routing in Post-Disaster Communication Networks20250 citationsMusik in BayernDr. Sumit Kumar Kapoor
101. Dynamic Grid Buffering with Second-Life EV Batteries: A Reinforcement Learning Optimization Approach20250 citationsMd. Nafeez Rahman
102. Explainable Deep Reinforcement Learning for Efficient Security and Stability of Smart Grid20260 citationsInternational Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and ManagementDr. Kailash Pati Dutta
103. Integrating Causal Inference with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Cyber-Physical System Adaptation20250 citationsMusik in BayernYogesh H. Bhosale
104. FedDrive-Sec: A Blockchain-Assisted Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Secure and Adaptive Internet of Vehicles20260 citationsTelematics and Informatics ReportsUmar Islam
105. Optimizing Surgical Workflow: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Instrument Guidance and Decision Support20250 citationsMirza Shuja

05Journals

Journals that publish Reinforcement Learning (RL) research

Where our researchers published their papers on this topic, with each journal’s indexing.

*Impact factor and quartile calculated from OpenAlex open data where available; official Journal Impact Factors are published by Clarivate. Indexing from the SCIE, SSCI, AHCI, ESCI, Scopus and JCR 2024 lists. Find the right journal for your own paper →

06Top 2% scientists

World’s Top 2% scientists in Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing

The Stanford/Elsevier World’s Top 2% Scientists list ranks researchers by a composite citation indicator. Artificial Intelligence & Image Processing is the research subfield closest to Reinforcement Learning (RL) in that list; 10,979 researchers from 94 countries are listed in it.

Source: Elsevier Data Repository, Ioannidis et al., 2026 edition, citations to the end of 2025 (career-long ranking). ScholarsColab is not affiliated with Stanford University or Elsevier, and the researchers listed are not ScholarsColab mentors unless marked so above.

07Related topics

Topics related to Reinforcement Learning (RL)

Topics that share the most papers with Reinforcement Learning (RL) in our researchers’ work:

• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)89 papers · 50 researchers
• Oscillation27 papers · 11 researchers
• Path Planning18 papers · 11 researchers
• Graph Neural Networks25 papers · 21 researchers
• Internet of Things (IoT)1,334 papers · 356 researchers
• Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)344 papers · 126 researchers
• Energy Harvesting65 papers · 33 researchers
• Microgrid151 papers · 69 researchers
• Smart Grid158 papers · 68 researchers
• Wireless Networks95 papers · 51 researchers

08Questions

Frequently asked questions